GAZ-24 Volga Mk II

You're walking home from a day in the office. You haven't done much; hammered out a few pages on the typewriter, enveloped a few letters and stuck them in an out-tray, sipped ersatz coffee from a glass mug with Olga the receptionist. And now your hands are deep in your pockets and your shoulders braced against the wind.

Chin pressed against your breastbone, you round a corner, and that's when it happens. An arm grips your elbow, something hard and angular presses into the small of your back, a hand comes down on your head and you're half-pushed, half-shoved through the door of a long black sedan. If you haven't been koshed around the back of the head or been wrapped up in a sack yet, chances are your current view will be the interior of a GAZ-24 Volga from the back seat, with two suited gentlemen pressing you in from either side.

If it weren't for the inopportune circumstances that led to you being in such a position, you might find you actually enjoy being on a Volga's back seat. The rear bench was roomy enough to accomodate two muscular thugs and a malnourished dissident, and the 2.5litre engine would have had enough muscle-power of its own to get you whisked off to an interrogation chamber quick sharp.

Of course, the insinuation that the Volga (or Boat, as the Russians called it) was a vehicle only for the KGB isn't wholly fair; the authorities had almost exclusive use of far larger vehicles like the GAZ Chaika and the monstrous ZiL limousines, but for back-street kidnappings, their ostentatiousness would have been their failing; for a quick snatch-and-grab job you want a mid-sized saloon with straight lines and no defining features, something that can be parked in the gloom without attracting any unwanted attention. With that in mind, the Volga excelled itself; it was almost made for the job.

The very existence of the GAZ-24 can seem confusing to some; if the autocrats had their massive limousines, and the proles were being served with the newly-made Moskvitches and Ladas, what need could there be for a mid-sized sedan? Who would need it? Who could afford it? Where was the rationality of making such a car? It seems head-scratching when you think about it in basic supply-and-demand terms, but that just shows that you don't think like Homo sovieticus. The Volga name was etched indelibly into the Russian minds as representing wealth and success; a luxurious dream that only a chosen few could hope to attain in their lifetime. Few did, which only helped to maintain the revered status of these saloons. That's not to say they didn't deserve such veneration; in one of Russia's rare attempts to do a proper job of something, the M24 was a decade in the making. Looking at one now, you could almost believe they succeeded.

The Russian concept of the luxurious Volga started with the GAZ-21, a replacement to the post-war Pobieda, and yet work on a replacement was already being sketched out two years later in a bid to keep pace with the American design factories. And in keeping with the rapidly changing technologies and tastes, GAZ experimented with aerostyle fins (as seen on the Ford Fairlane), various engines including straight- and V-6s, and even pillarless body styles. This flirting with western decadence had a deeper relationship underneath; Mother Russia had a real desire to get its products onto the Western market, and had to find a viable solution to meet those demands, even if every whim and fancy of America meant sending the Volga prototype back to the drawing board; out went the hydraulic transmissions and unwieldy engines, and the acres of chrome and garish body lines; every angle was sobered up, every accessory toned down. It wasn't until the late Sixties that the Russians felt they had got to grips with what the West wanted, and suitably sober and practical GAZ-24 "Volga" finally entered production.

Its presence on the streets may be head-turning, but unless an orange TAXI light glowed from the roof, a wise pedestrian would keep his gaze averted from whatever civil servant or government official was driving, or being driven behind the leaping gazelle on the bonnet. Which is a shame, as for its time the GAZ-24 was a remarkably modern vehicle, matching practical and sturdy mechanicals with a contemporary tasteful body line. It even, astoundingly, had a high build quality that allowed taxi drivers to rack up 300,000 miles in the things, although, considering their worth, they were lovingly maintained during their operating lifetimes. It even lent its underpinnings to the RAF Latvija 2203 van with varying amounts of success, with the drivetrain surviving unchanged well into the Nineties.

The GAZ-24 is an institution in Russia; even now it embodies that dream of unobtainable living to a Western standard, and the very few examples left over are still treated with pride and respect To find one parked up in Warsaw as an advert to a restaurant is, in that respect, either a typically Polish snub to all symbols of the old Union, or, perhaps, the slightest nod of recognition that not every gift from the Soviets was a bad one.




Subaru Libero

Working out where East and West are should be relatively easy. West is where everything is developed and futuristic and made of plastic and freedom, and the East is hard and cold and poor and polluted. This is relatively simple when you are in Poland's situation, where West takes us towards Old Europe and East points us towards Russia. For the Americans, it's not so simple; New York is on the East Coast, but if you keep heading in that direction you get to Europe, which is in the West. And California is West, but go too far and you get to Japan, which is East.

At that point, definitions of Easternness and backwardness collapse, as the Japanese are far more advanced in almost every way except perhaps socially. The modern world's appetite for electronics and reliable cars would never be sated if it weren't for their industriousness, and aside from an inpenetrable language and some extremely dubious adult entertainment, they're an extremely pleasant nation to deal with.

The Japanese have an unwaning fondness for the small and cute; Pokemon, Hello Kitty and a rainbow of other candy-coloured cartoon characters are testament to their love of the minute. Combine that with their passion for technology, and you can start to appreciate how their auto industry developed the pocket-sized yet admirably practical Kei-class trucks; Kei meaning "light." I'm not sure if this is about being light-weight, or light-hearted; to look at them, you would never take a van of this size seriously.

That peak of Eighties Japanese gadgetry was the cartoon "Transformers", where humble household objects morphed into powerful beasts, and it's of this mindset that the Subaru Libero was born. Unleashed in 1983, it was Subaru's latest incarnation of their K-class van which had been running in various guises since 1961 as a multifunction tool for carting goods and people through Japan's ever-thickening traffic. Their tiny size, minimal fuel consumption and cutesiness had warmed them to the hearts of the East Asians ever since, and they benefitted from reduced parking costs as well as tax breaks. While superminis like the Morris Mini and the Citroen 2CV were little more than a Sixties fad in Europe, Japan had fallen in love with pocket-sized motoring, and an early romance had bloomed into a full-on, serious relationship.

At some point in the early 1980s, Subaru had a demented desire to imbue every single one of their products with four-wheel drive, and that included their Kei-class Libero van. This resulted in the mechanicals being ripped out of the Subaru Justy and put into the Libero backwards, so that the engine was rear-mounted and the driver could be afforded something of crumple-zone in the event of an impact. Now, while this may be useful in a mountain-goat sense, lugging crates of produce up and down Japanese many hills and having something to headbutt with, the urban practicalities (and tiny fuel tank) mean that, on the whole, 4WD just isn't that much use; it's murder for highway driving, and saps power from the drivetrain which is only powered by a 1.2litre unit at the best of times. So these little Liberos came with a switchable lever to disengage the 4WD system when needed. Which was all the time.

That main transmission layout did have some uses. Having a horizontal three-cylinder engine relatively low in the body meant that all sorts of cumbersome, top-heavy luggage, such as people, could be squeezed into it without upsetting the centre of gravity. This also afforded Subaru to plant on an extended roofline complete with glass visor area, making the Libero look like a VW Transporter that's shrunk in the wash. Unfortunately, it all proved so well in giving mountain-dwelling tourists a view of the spectacular scenery that Subaru decided to make the 4WD system a permanent thing, ditching the selecting lever and employing a single clutch instead.

These sorts of technological advances epitomise the Kei-class. When the Americans need more power they simply expand the size of their V8s; the crafty Japanese were instead experimenting with injection and turbos as well as their miniscule transmissions, which meant that even the naturally-aspirated 1.2 engine here could squirt out an efficient 52hp; more than enough for the 900kg this thing weighs.

In fact, these things are so practical it's surprising more of them aren't seen on the roads West of the East or East of the West of the East or wherever Poland is supposed to lie on the political map these days. Indeed, it was exported to a variety of places; it's a Libero in Europe but as a Domingo in its home ground, and in the UK it's known as a Sumo, which is ironic considering its weight. What we do know is that America, by far the largest consumer of imported vehicles, has pretty much outright banned Kei-class vans for a number of reasons. And before any anti-Yank diatribe about oil dependency forms in your brain, some of those arguments have some grounding. The teeny tiny wheels and that high top just aren't suited to the flat, open and windy terrain of the US, nor the engine to the yawning distances vans have to cover to get anywhere. But worst of all is the metal; to keep weight to an absolute minimum, the steel was pressed astonishingly thin, with two results. Firstly, any premise this thing might have of a crumple zone is an understatement; this thing would fold up like a chocolate wrapper on impact, especially if it were to come into contact with America's biggest selling truck, the F150, which weighs in at over two tonnes; far too much for our Sumo to wrestle with. The second, and far more devestating in the Polish climate, is that salt takes literally minutes to chomp its way through the skin of these little vans, and the sad explanation for this sorry little heap sitting in a Polish car park.